Background Of Lake Baikal In Russia
Lake Baikal is the deepest and oldest lake in the world, located in the vast expanse of Siberia in Russia. It is a fresh water lake, and holds more than 20% of Earth’s supply of fresh water. It was declared a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site in 1996 and is one of the seven natural wonders of the world. It has an area of 31,500 kilometers squared, with a length of 636 kilometers and a maximum width of 79 kilometers. It runs from northwest to southeast. The average depth of the lake is 760 meters, with a maximum depth of 1,642 meters.
Local Legends
The formation of Lake Baikal is surrounded by local legends. According to Tuvans, the lake was formed after a meteorite fell from the sky. The Kurykans, on the other hand, believe that the lake is the paw print of a mighty bear-like creature called Batar-Khan. The history of Lake Baikal dates back to more than 25 million years ago, when the first paleovalleys were formed. Scientists believe the lake started to form 1-2 million years ago, by the break-up of a land bridge.
Ecological Significance
Being one of the last remaining unpolluted ecosystems in the China-Mongolia-Russian area of Eurasia, it is home to more than 2,500 species, many of which exist nowhere else on Earth. The Baikal Seal is the only species found endemic to Lake Baikal and is a major tourist attraction for the area. The Nature Reserve near the lake is home to many rich species of flaura and fauna and boasts an impressive array of views.
Economic Significance
Lake Baikal has great economic significance for the region, as fishing is the major source of income for the people living around the lake. There are many species of fish in the lake , most notably Omul, Grayling, and Whitefish. The population in the region has also been engaged in mining, loggering, and tourism. The development of the region had also led to the construction of dedicated hydroelectric power stations, exploiting the high water head provided by the deep lake.
Threats To Lake Baikal
Though the lake is protected, it is still subject to various threats, both directly and indirectly. Direct threats include the activity of illegal loggers, overfishing, and water pollution. Indirect threats arise from the impacts of climate change, such as the melting of glaciers, droughts, and wildfires, which further compound the stress on the fragile environment of the lake.
Protection Of Lake Baikal
The Russian government has put in significant efforts to protect the lake, as it is home to many unique species and provides fresh water to the entire region. Various organizations are also working to protect the lake and its species, such as Baikal Environmental Wave and Baikal Watch Program. The hydropower stations in the area are also subject to rigorous control and scrutiny to ensure minimal discharge of pollutants.
Conclusion
Lake Baikal is one of the most magnificent natural landmarks on Earth and its protection should be the top priority of everyone. Strict environmental laws, enforcement, and education are essential for the well-being of both the lake and its inhabitants. With the support of the local population and the authorities, Lake Baikal will remain safe for years to come.
