Lake Superior is the world’s largest freshwater lake; it’s a source of pride for people and communities in the United States and Canada. But why is it called Lake Superior? This article looks at the history of the lake’s name, how it’s changed over time, and the different ways it’s been referred to.
Geography and History
Lake Superior is the largest of North America’s five Great Lakes. This enormous body of water straddles the US-Canadian border, with a surface area of over 31,700 square miles. The lake spans three time zones, and is home to more than 1,300 islands.
Since the eastern third of the lake is part of the Canadian province of Ontario, some Canadians have referred to it as Lake Huron, Lake Superior and Ontario. In the US, it’s often referred to as simply Lake Superior, and was officially recognized as such in the US-Canada boundary agreement of 1818.
Humans have been living near Lake Superior for thousands of years. Archaeological evidence points to the earliest inhabitants being a Paleoeskimo-speaker people living in the region during the Late Prehistoric period. The Ojibwe people were later established in the area, and referred to the lake as gichi-gami, or “big water.”
Name Origins
The origin of the name “Lake Superior” is unknown. It could be derived from the French fur trading language, or it could be an Ojibwe phrase meaning “Upper Lake”. The first known use of the name was in 1668, when French explorer and fur trader Louis Jolliet used it in his written journal.
The name is not related to the word “superior” in the sense of being better than any other lakes. This has been the subject of debate among the lake’s inhabitants for years. Some believe the lake was named after the Ojibwe word for “great,” while others think it was simply a descriptive name meant to evoke the lake’s majestic size and power.
Whatever the origin of its name, Lake Superior has been recognized as such by both countries since the early 1800s.
Changing Land Use and Industries
Over the years, Lake Superior’s shoreline has been subject to changing land use practices and industries. The timber industry has played a major role, with large-scale logging in the 19th and 20th centuries. Paper mills, mining, and tourism have also become important industries in the region.
Thanks to strict regulations over the years, Lake Superior’s water quality remains relatively high. This has allowed for continued recreation and tourism, despite the damage of the past. The lake provides habitats for numerous species of fish and birds, as well as opportunities for swimming, boating, fishing, and camping. It is also an important source of drinking water for many local communities.
Protecting the Lake
In recent years, efforts have been made to protect and restore the lake’s ecosystem. In the US, an influential action was the establishment of the Lake Superior National Estuarine Research Reserve (LSNERR) in 2008. This was the first time a Great Lake was protected under the National Estuarine Research Reserve System.
In Canada, there have been numerous initiatives to curb runoff and pollution from logging and mining operations. This includes the creation of new freshwater parks such as Pukaskwa National Park, which serves as a haven for wildlife and provides an opportunity for people to experience the unique beauty of the lake.
Today, Lake Superior is an iconic and beloved symbol of both countries. The lake provides a stunning backdrop for family vacations, and its clear waters bring joy to paddlers and fishermen. Its name evokes a sense of grandeur and awe, and the lake’s popularity shows no signs of waning.
The Economic Impact
The economic impact of Lake Superior is undeniable. Commercial and recreational fishing is a major industry in the region, with fish populations closely monitored and protected. The tourism industry is also a significant driver of the region’s economy. In the US and Canada, the lake is home to numerous resorts, lodges, and campgrounds.
In the US, Lake Superior is an important source of hydropower, providing energy for surrounding communities. The environment of the lake has also created the perfect conditions for a burgeoning craft beer industry, with several microbreweries located near the lake’s shores.
In short, the Lake Superior region offers something for everyone. With its diverse landscape and rich history, it’s easy to see why it’s been a source of pride for so many people for so many years.
Ecosystems and Wildlife
The unique geography of Lake Superior is home to a wide variety of ecosystems and wildlife. These include boreal forests, sandy beaches, and wetland marshes. Along the shoreline, there are numerous species of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Protected areas surrounding the lake, such as the Keweenaw National Historical Park and the Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park, are important habitats for threatened species such as the Canada lynx, peregrine falcon, and Kirtland’s warbler.
The lake’s habitats also provide an important refuge for migrating birds, and serve as a crucial stopover for many species as they make their long journey south.
Efforts to protect and restore the lake’s ecosystems are also underway. These include actions such as restoring wetlands, controlling invasive species, and monitoring fish populations.
Tourism and Recreation Activities
For residents and visitors alike, Lake Superior is a cherished destination. Its many recreation activities, from fishing and boating to camping and hiking, draw people to the region year after year.
In the US, the lake is home to numerous national and state parks, such as the Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore and the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, offering breathtaking scenery and access to pristine lakeside beaches. Nearby towns offer a wealth of entertainment, dining, and shopping opportunities.
In Canada, the lake is a year-round playground for outdoor adventurers. Local parks such as Kabeyun Provincial Park and Nipigon Provincial Park provide endless opportunities for camping, fishing, kayaking, and bird watching.
Fittingly, this grand body of water was named “Lake Superior” for a good reason. Its breathtaking scale, impressive history, and abundance of recreational activities make it a truly unique and captivating place.
The Impact of Climate Change
Lake Superior is feeling the effects of climate change, with rising water temperatures, more frequent and intense storms, and changes to fish and wildlife populations. In recent years, these changes have accelerated, and experts predict the lake will continue to be impacted in the years ahead.
Climate change has had an especially pronounced effect on ice levels in the lake. As temperatures warm, the lake ice forms later than it used to, and breaks up earlier. This has a ripple effect, impacting local fishing and tourism industries and altering migration patterns of species like migratory birds.
In response to this, local governments, organizations, and businesses have developed adaptation strategies to help mitigate the impact of climate change. This includes investing in coastal wetlands and green infrastructure, and working with communities to promote sustainable practices.
Conclusion
Lake Superior has held a special place in the hearts of those who live near its shores – and those who treasure the natural beauty of North America – for centuries. It’s a unique place, with a history stretching back thousands of years and a name unlike any other. For many, it’s a symbol of hope, resilience, and pride.
