Is Lake Superior the largest freshwater lake in the world? This lake is a defining part of the Great Lakes region of North America, providing fresh water, recreation, and leisure activities to millions of people. It is a 563-mile long Great Lake, situated between the states of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Ontario province of Canada. But, is this the largest freshwater lake in the world?
Yes, by total surface area, Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake in the world, encompassing an area of approximately 31,700 square miles. This is nearly the size of West Virginia and more than twice the size of any of the other Great Lakes. To put the size of Lake Superior in perspective, it’s surface area is larger than the entire state of Massachusetts, which is roughly 7,800 square miles. Additionally, Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world by surface area, only slightly smaller than the Caspian Sea, which covers an area of roughly 143,200 square miles.
But, what sets Lake Superior apart from the other Great Lakes and makes it so large? The Great Lakes are all connected by various rivers, though it is Lake Superior that is the primary source for water, providing nearly 80% of the total water for the entire Great Lakes system. For that reason, some have argued that Lake Superior should be considered a semi-enclosed sea rather than a freshwater lake. Other notable characteristics of Lake Superior include its destruction, being the deepest of the Great Lakes at 1,333 feet, and its incredible volume of water, which is estimated to be 2,903 cubic miles.
In fact, this massive volume means that Lake Superior contains more water than the other four Great Lakes combined, with a total of 10% of the world’s fresh surface water. It is also home to a variety of wildlife, including over 80 species of fishes, some of which are considered endangered, and many different types of birds.
The unique size and beauty of Lake Superior has inspired writers and explorers over the years, leading the Anishinaabeg people to give it the name “Gichi-gami”, which means “big water”. Additionally, the lake was so large, that early explorers and surveyors at first believed it may have been an ocean.
Environmental Impact
Lake Superior also has significant environmental importance, as it serves as a critical resource for the entire Great Lakes Basin. This freshwater lake helps to control the regional water balance and is an essential component of the Lake Erie-Ontario system. Additionally, Lake Superior is one of the least polluted large lakes, with most of its shorelines including wetlands, forests, and grassy meadows.
This contributes to not only its beauty and biodiversity, but it functions in helping to keep the lake and its contents clean. For example, the wetlands and grassy meadows provide an area for runoff waters to settle, reducing the amount of pollutants eventually entering the lake itself.
In spite of this, the lake has faced many challenges from its cities and towns, including the introduction of invasive species, the decline of its fish populations, and various land-use activities that can impair the lake’s ecosystem. But initiatives are being taken to protect the lake, and its water quality, from these sources of contamination.
Recreational Opportunities
On the other hand, Lake Superior’s larger size, depths, and recirculation patterns create more stable conditions, making it an ideal area for a wide range of recreational activities. Kayaking, sailing, swimming, fishing, and camping are just some of the activities that can be enjoyed on the lake, with many areas offering boat tours of the lake and its spectacular scenery.
Attractions
In addition to its natural beauty, Lake Superior is home to numerous attractions, including the largest freshwater island on the planet – Isle Royale National Park. This park offers hikers, backpackers, and campers the chance to explore its forested shorelines and its many waterfalls, as well as a variety of wildlife.
Another notable attraction is the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, located in Wisconsin. The area is known for its shoreline views, rugged sea caves, and wildlife viewing. It is also the first National Lakeshore designated by Congress in 1970 and is an area dedicated to preserving and protecting the unique geology and history of Lake Superior.
Benefits For Humans
Lake Superior is also home to numerous industries, which depend on the lake’s resources, including commercial and sport fishing, forestry, shipping, and tourism. This has benefitted the economy of the region, both directly and indirectly, and it is estimated that over 10 million people directly or indirectly depend on the lake’s resources and industries.
The lake is also an essential resource for many First Nation communities, including the Anishinaabeg people, who are the original inhabitants of the land. This includes providing sustenance for centuries, through fishing, hunting, gathering, and harvesting plants.
Conclusion
In short, Lake Superior is a remarkable lake with many unique characteristics. Not being only the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area but also second largest lake overall, it has inspired writers and surveyors for centuries, and continues to provide recreation, leisure activities, and resources to millions of people.
